Fission and Fusion

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Nuclear Fission

• Nucleus of an atom is bombarded with neutrons to split the heavier nucleus into smaller and lighter nuclei
• This makes the nucleus so unstable that it splits into 2
• A lot of energy is released
• Occur artificially
• Little energy is required to split an atom
• Atomic bomb is based on concept of nuclear fission
• Often involves releases of gamma rays and free neutrons ${}_0^{1}n{+}_{92}^{235}U-{>}_{56}^{141}Ba{+}_{36}^{92}Kr+3_0^{1}n$

Nuclear Fusion

• 2 or more lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus
• An enormous amount of energy is released, much larger than nuclear fission
• Occurs in stars and the sun
• Huge amount of energy is required to bring 2 atoms together
• Therefore, happens in very, very hot conditions
• Cold fusion is a concept that entails nuclear fusion happening at room temperature
• Hydrogen bomb is based on concept of nuclear fusion
• Usually releases neutrons or protons as well as new nucleus
• Strong magnetic field is required for magnetic confinement
• Ensures plasma doesn’t escape
• Confinement ensures that fusion occurs, and makes it safe