Solubility

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Homogenous mixtures

• 2 or more particles are mixed together so well that you only see one thing
• Composition is uniform throughout
• Composition is spread evenly

Pure Substance

• Only one kind of particle in it

Heterogenous materials

• Can see 2 or more parts
• Composition is not spread evenly

Homogenous Materials

• Can see only one thing
• One set of properties

Solute

• What is dissolved
• E.g. salt in salt water

Solvent

• What dissolves the solute
• E.g. water in salt water

Solutions

• Solute is equally distributed in solvent 
• Saturated solution
  • Concentration of solute is at a maximum
  • No more solute can dissolve
• Supersaturated Solution
  • At a high temperature, solution appears saturated
  • At lower temperatures, solute will precipitate out
• Unsaturated solution
  • Concentration of solute is below maximum
  • More solute can dissolve

Cations and anions

• Form when ionic bonds are broken
• Cation
  • Positive ion
• Anion
  • Negative ion

Solubility of Salts in Water

• Soluble
  • Most nitrate ($N{O}_3^{-}$) salts
  • Most salts of $N{a}^{+}$, $K^{+}$, and $N{H}_4^{+}$
  • Most chloride salts