Atoms can form chemical bonds(attracted and stuck to each other)
2 or more atoms chemically bounded is called a molecule
Atoms of the same element can bond together
Atoms of different elements can bond together
Elements
Made up of one type of atom
All their atoms are the same
Cannot be broken down into anything simpler
118 elements
94 are naturally occurring, others are artificial
Found on periodic table
Can be made up of molecules
Has a chemical system
Compound
is made up of more than 1 element
Described by a chemical formula
States which atoms are in one unit of the compound
Not all are made up of molecules, but many are.
Mixtures
Solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solution
Pure substances
Elements and compound-Cant be split into anything simpler
Has a unique feature
Always have the same physical properties
Always have the same chemical properties
Impure substances
Mixtures
Can be physically separated
Properties are an average of the properties of the ingredients
Physical properties depend on the proportion of each substance in the mixture
Melting and boiling points and density depend on the ratio of the ingredients
Chemical reactivity can vary, depending on mixture and particle size
Homogeneous
Particles are evenly distributed
Aqueous solution is when there is a homogeneous liquid with something dissolved in it
Can be mixture, element or compound
Only one state of matter
Are uniform and consistent throughout
Heterogeneous
Particles are not evenly distributed
All must be a mixture
Not uniform throughout
Can see separate ingredients
Can be in different states of matter
Solution
Form when one material dissolves in another
Is homogenous
Substance that dissolves is a solute
Substance that dissolves the solute is a solvent
Is transparent
Solute is split up into tiny particles, evenly distributed through the solvent, which ae too small to see(even under a microscope)
Not all substances dissolve well in a solvent.
Substances that dissolve well are soluble
Substances that don’t dissolve well are insoluble
Substances might be insoluble in water but soluble in a different solvent
Suspension
Formed when an insoluble solid mixes with a liquid and does not dissolve
Are heterogenous
Particles of the solid are quite large and visible
Makes it opaque
Particles of the solid will settle to the bottom over time
Suspensions are separated by filtration
Colloids
Between solutions and suspensions
Homogeneous
Particles are not dissolved
Particles are smaller than suspensions, so do not settle at all, but stay mixed
Particles scatter light
Opaque
a homogeneous non-crystalline substance consisting of large molecules or ultramicroscopic particles of one substance dispersed through a second substance. Colloids include gels, sols, and emulsions; the particles do not settle, and cannot be separated out by ordinary filtering or centrifuging like those in a suspension.
Emulsions
Fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible
Opaque
Heterogenous
E.g. egg yolk, butter, oil and water
Miscible: Forms a homogeneous mixture when added together with another miscible